What is Foundation ? Types of Foundation? Difference between Footing and Foundation?
What is Foundation?
Foundation is very important and essential parts in any civil engineering structure, it is the base of any structure that helps to transfer the load (load like :- Live Load, Dead load, Wind Load, Seismic Load,etc) of a structure into the soil.
Foundation helps a structure in increase of stability, Equal Load Distribution, Prevent Sliding and overturning. Foundation is the main component which also provides the structure a strength that keep a structure stable for years, it also provide level surface which help a structure in equal distribution of load in foundation.
Types Of Foundation :-
There are basically two types of Foundation
- Shallow Foundation
- Deep Foundation
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Shallow Foundation is the type of Foundation which is used in most of the residential building as well as in small projects, if the soil bearing capacity is high or normal or the load of the building is less than the soil bearing capacity than we will use Shallow Foundation.
In shallow foundation we have mainly five different types of footing.
- Spread / Individual/ Isolated Footing
- Wall Footing
- Combine Footing
- Strap Footing
- Raft / Mat Footing
DEEP FOUNDATION
Deep Foundation is the type of Foundation which is mostly used where the structural load more and the load comming from structure is more than the allowable Bearing capacity of soil so the foundation is excavated deep in bed rock approx 15-20 M . This type of Foundation is basically used in Bridges, Flyovers, Etc.
In Deep Foundation we have basically three types of Foundation
- Pile Foundation
- Pier Foundation
- Castian Foundation/ Well Foundation.
NOTE – if depth of the footing is equal to or greater than its width than that is deep Foundation otherwise Shallow Foundation.
Difference between Footing and Foundation.
Footing is the part of Foundation which is constructed with concrete( mixture of course aggregate, Fine Aggregate, cement, water ) or Brickwork Masonry and act as a base to the floor column and floor walls.
The main function of footing is to transfer the vertical load directly to the soil.
Footing is the part of foundation that is in the direct contact with the ground.
Foundation is the building components that transfer it’s structural load to the ground from super structure.
Super Structure is the building components which is above the GL ( Ground Level )
Sub Structure is the building components which is below the GL ( Ground Level ) .