What are the types of Foundation and their uses?

Types of Foundation –

As we have seen in previous blog that what is foundation it’s type and diffrence between Footing and Foundation this blog is basically the extension of that blog you can view by CLICKING HERE

There are basically two types of Foundation used in civil engineering.

  1. Shallow Foundation
  2. Deep Foundation

Shallow Foundation

It is the types of Foundation which is individually constructed and designed individually for small projects and where soil bearing capacity is equal or less than the upcoming load of structure

Shallow Foundation is of five types

  1. Spread/ Individual/ Isolated Footing
  2. Wall Footing
  3. Combine Footing
  4. Strap Footing
  5. Raft/ Mat Footing

SPREAD / INDIVIDUAL/ ISOLATED FOOTING

Spread Footing is also known as individual or isolated footing. Footing is the essential part of any civil engineering structures because their primary function is to distribute load from column, Beam, Slab and Wall into the soil, This type of footing is widely used in residential building as it is cost efficient and very simple to build these footing are built individually.


Primary Specification of these type of Footing

Shape: This Footing is wider at the bottom and shorter on the top. This wider base helps spread the weight over a larger area of soil.
Material: Reimbursement and Concrete are use to cast these type of Footing as they are durable and strong
Placement: Individually placed beneath the ground to support the load of building

Wall Footing

Wall Footing is a type of footing which supports Load bearing wall elongated in Continuous Concrete Foundation. These type of footing distribute the weight of wall or any superimposed load evenly across the concrete foundation beneath. The concrete foundation prevents excessive pressure and settlement of structure in the soil, these type of Footing is also known as strip footing.

Combine Footing

Combine Footing is types of footing which is used when two footing is near to each other or when two columns are near and doesn’t have much gap between them, These type of Footing are same as individual footing but footing is bigger and two columns are arranged in that footing.

Strap Footing

Strap Footing is same as Combined footing it consists of two separate isolated/ Individual footing Connected by a strap beam horizontally is called as Strap Footing, the purpose of these type of Footing is to distribute heavy load into the soil evenly and provide stability to the structure.

Raft / Mat Footing

Raft footing or mat footing is a type of footing which is provided when the soil bearing capacity is low and we have to make high rise building because it provides more stability as compared to all footing. A RCC( Reinforced Cement Concrete) bed is provided all over the build-up area and in bed the Footing is done. It is expensive and time taking so we can’t use in small projects.

Deep Foundation

Deep foundation is a type of foundation which is constructed where the structure load is more than the required Bearing Capacity of Soil, in this type of footing the pile is drilled and circular columns are casted and above that a RCC bed is constructed and above that the process is same as raft footing.

Example of these type of Footing are

  1. Pile Foundation
  2. Wall Foundation

This foundation is most costly in all types of Footing and also it is time consuming as compared to spread footing.