TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING :- The process of conveyance from one point to another point is termed as Transportation.
Transportation has following effects over the socio – economic aspect of life
→ It helps in progress and advancement of community.
→ Efficient transportation is essential for the economy prosperity and development of the country.
→ It helps in movement in emergency for defence of the country and to maintain the law and order.
MEDIUM OF TRANSPORTATION
Transportation can be archived by any of following media
Major
- Load
- Water
- Air
Minor
- Pipeline
- Conveyor belts
- Elevator
- Cable cars
- Ropeways
- Hyperloop
On the basis of above media of transportation following major modes of transportation are used
a) Roadways / Highway for Road Transportation
b) Railways for Rail Transportation
c) Waterways for Water Transportation
d) Airways for Air Transportation
Time of travel :-
Airways < Road < Railway < Waterway
Cost of travel :-
Airways > Road > Railway > Waterway
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
- It is the movement of multiple wagons or a train of wagons with steel wheels over two parallel steel rails , that offers comparatively lesser resistance
- Hence the cost of Transportation by this method is approx 1/6th of that by road transportation but it is less flexible comparatively
- Railways are considered as a qrteries of entries transportation system
WATER TRANSPORTATION
- It offers minimum resistance to traction hence cheapest method amongs the all
- But the time required in this case comparatively more
- It is suitable for transportation of bulk goods of relatively low valley
AIR TRANSPORTATION
- It is the fastest method amongst all transportation but cost involved in this is also very high
- It is suitable for transportation of high value goods on long hauls
- This method is effected by weather conditions like storms , fog
ROAD TRANSPORTATION
- It is the most flexible mode of transportation amongst the all
- it consumes petrolium product at highest rate
- Major road transportation is archived by highway and expressway
Highways are special type of roads , designed to allow high speed of vehicles.
It is generally constructed on embankment as
- Better drainage facility
- Safety in flood time
- No lateral entry of public / animals
Example:- National Highway( NH ) , State Highway ( SH )
Expressways are superior type of Highway which are designed as direct source of connectivity between two defined places
It organise the traffic in channelised way
Mumbai – Pune Expressway
Yamuna Expressway ( Delhi – Agra )